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Air Force disputes these claims, stating the bomber was hit by an AGM-88 High-speed, Anti-Radiation Missile (HARM), fired by a friendly aircraft, that homed on the fire-control radar of the B-52's tail gun the jet was subsequently renamed In HARM's Way. It could have been a S-125 or a 2K12 Kub, while other sources claim a MiG-29 fired a Vympel R-27R missile and damaged the bomber. On the opening night of Desert Storm, on 17 January 1991, a B-52G was damaged by a missile. The canopy was recovered by US forces in the 2003 invasion. Remains of F-16C 87-257 as found by US ground forces in Iraq during Desert Storm. Both aircraft were repaired and returned to service. Du Plessis's aircraft sustained heavier damage and had to divert to Ruacana forward airstrip, where he landed with only the main undercarriage extended. Pretorius's aircraft was hit in a fuel line and he had to perform a deadstick landing at AFB Ondangwa. On 7 June 1980, while attacking SWAPO's Tobias Haneko Training Camp during Operation Sceptic (Smokeshell), SAAF Major Frans Pretorius and Captain IC du Plessis, both flying Mirage F.1s, were hit by S-125s.

While the SAAF reported two aircraft were damaged by SAMs during this action, Angola claimed to have shot down four. The FAPA-DAA acquired a significant number of S-125s, and these were encountered during the first strike ever flown by SAAF Mirage F.1s against targets in Angola – in June 1980. forces in Vietnam, because the Soviets feared that China (after the souring of Sino-Soviet relations in 1960), through which most, if not all of the equipment meant for North Vietnam had to travel, would try to copy the missile. The Neva-M introduced a redesigned booster and an improved guidance system. The original version was designated SA-3A by the US DoD and the new Neva-M named SA-3B and (naval) SA-N-1B. In 1964, an upgraded version of the system, the S-125M "Neva-M" and later S-125M1 "Neva-M1" was developed. The S-125 was first deployed between 19 around Moscow, augmenting the S-25 and S-75 sites already ringing the city, as well as in other parts of the USSR. Operational history Soviet Union Ībandoned Soviet S-125 missile near Saare, Saaremaa, Estonia. The naval version of this system has the NATO reporting name SA-N-1 Goa and original designation M-1 Volna (Russian Волна – wave). The S-125, like the S-75, uses radio command guidance. The 5V24 (V-600) missiles reach around Mach 3 to 3.5 in flight, both stages powered by solid fuel rocket motors. It is also able to engage lower flying targets than the previous systems, and being more modern it is much more resistant to ECM than the S-75. It has a shorter effective range and lower engagement altitude than either of its predecessors and also flies slower, but due to its two-stage design it is more effective against more maneuverable targets. The S-125 Neva/Pechora ( Russian: С-125 "Нева"/"Печора", NATO reporting name SA-3 Goa) is a Soviet surface-to-air missile system that was designed by Aleksei Isaev to complement the S-25 and S-75. Neva, Pechora, Volna, Neva-M, Neva-M1, Volna-M, Volna-N, Volna-P, Pechora 2, Pechora 2M, Newa SC, Pechora-M Uganda–Tanzania War, Kosovo War, Iran–Iraq War, Gulf War, Angolan Civil War, Syrian Civil War, 2020 Nagorno-Karabakh conflict, Tigray conflict, 2022 Russian Invasion of Ukraine Vietnam War, War of Attrition, Yom Kippur War,